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Abandonment, in philosophy, refers to the infinite freedom of humanity without the existence of a condemning or omnipotent higher power. Original existentialism explores the liminal experiences of anxiety, death, "the nothing" and nihilism; the rejection of science (and above all, causal explanation) as an adequate framework for understanding human being; and the introduction of "authenticity" as the norm of self-identity, tied to the project of self-definition through freedom, choice, and commitment.〔"Existentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 11 Oct. 2010. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. ==Origin== Søren Kierkegaard and Frederich Nietzsche, the supposed originators of the existentialist school of thought, constrained their theories to theological systems. Both were concerned with the "singularity of existence" 〔 and the fact that "existence comes before essence";〔Sartre, Jean-Paul. "Existentialism Is a Humanism." 1946. Lecture.〕 but neither of them approach the belief that God never existed and therefore never controlled individual will. The first to do so were Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger. According to Sartre, there are three schools of philosophical thought that influence the freedom of the individual: # Christian Belief: The idea that God exists and creates people actively, with a purpose in mind that gives meaning to life. To believers, because men are inherently evil, a life without meaning accorded by a higher power the world will devolve into anarchy. # Christian Existentialism: Man creates his identity and gives meaning to his own life. However, he does so in his inimical search for union with God, and thus the struggle to find meaning itself defines the identity of an individual.〔Zunjic, Bob. "Fear and Trembling: Outline." The University of Rhode Island. URI. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. # Atheist Existentialism: The philosophy that there is no “human nature” because there is no creator, no definition of man until he encounters himself. The “human reality” 〔 is subjective to the journey of the individual, existence comes before the development of the meaning of that existence. The absence of God in the conceptualization of life came to be known as “abandonment because of Sartre’s 1946 lecture ''L'Existentialisme est un humanisme'' in which he says: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abandonment (existentialism)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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